Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park

Account of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park Mungo Parka Scottish specialist, and explorerwas conveyed by the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa to find the course of the River Niger. Having accomplished a level of notoriety from his first outing, did alone and by walking, he came back to Africa with a gathering of 40 Europeans, every one of whom lost their lives in the experience. Conceived: 1771, Foulshiels, Selkirk, ScotlandDied: 1806, Bussa Rapids, (presently under the Kainji Reservoir, Nigeria) An Early Life Mungo Park was conceived in 1771, close to Selkirk in Scotland, the seventh offspring of a wealthy rancher. He was apprenticed to a nearby specialist and attempted clinical examinations in Edinburgh. With a clinical recognition and a longing for distinction and fortune, Park set off for London, and through his brother by marriage, William Dickson, a Covent Garden seedsman, he got his chance. A prologue to Sir Joseph Banks, a renowned English botanist, and pioneer who had circumnavigated the world with Captain James Cook. The Allure of Africa The Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, of which Banks was treasurer and informal executive, had recently subsidized (for a concession) the investigation of an Irish fighter, Major Daniel Houghton, put together at Goree with respect to the West African coast. Two significant inquiries overwhelmed conversations about the inside of West Africa in the drawing room of the African Association: the specific site of the semi-legendary city of Timbuktu, and the course of the River Niger. Investigating the River Niger In 1795 the Association selected Mungo Park to investigate the course of the River Nigeruntil Houghton had revealed that the Niger spilled out of West to East, it was accepted that the Niger was a tributary of either the stream Senegal or Gambia. The Association needed evidence of the waterways course and to know where it at last rose. Three momentum hypotheses were: that it purged into Lake Chad, that it bended round in a huge curve to join the Zaire, or that it arrived at the coast at the Oil Rivers. Mungo Park set off from the River Gambia, with the guide of the Associations West African contact, Dr. Laidley who gave hardware, a guide, and went about as a postal help. Park began his excursion wearing European garments, with an umbrella and a tall cap (where he guarded his notes all through the excursion). He was joined by an ex-slave called Johnson who had come back from the West Indies, and a slave called Demba, who had been guaranteed his opportunity on consummation of the excursion. Parks Captivity Park knew little Arabiche had with him two books, Richardsons Arabic Grammar and a duplicate of Houghtons diary. Houghtons diary, which he had perused on the journey to Africa served him well, and he was cautioned to conceal his most significant rigging from the nearby tribesmen. At his first stop with the Bondou, Park had to surrender his umbrella and his best blue coat. Soon after, in his first experience with the neighborhood Muslims, Park was taken prisoner. Parks Escape Demba was removed and sold, Johnson was viewed as too old to even think about being of significant worth. Following four months, and with Johnsons help, Park at long last figured out how to get away. He had a couple of effects other than his cap and compass however would not surrender the endeavor, in any event, when Johnson wouldn't travel further. Depending on the consideration of African townspeople, Park proceeded on his way to the Niger, arriving at the stream on 20 July 1796. Park went similarly as Segu (Sã ©gou) before coming back to the coast. and afterward to England. Accomplishment Back in Britain Park was a moment achievement, and the main version of his book Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa sold out quickly. His  £1000 sovereignties permitted him to settle in Selkirk and set up clinical work on (wedding Alice Anderson, the little girl of the specialist to whom he had been apprenticed). Settled life before long exhausted him, nonetheless, and he searched for another adventurebut just under the correct conditions. Banks was annoyed when Park requested a huge whole to investigate Australia for the Royal Society.​ Awful Return to Africa Inevitably in 1805 Banks and Park went to an arrangementPark was to lead an undertaking to follow the Niger to its end. His part comprised of 30 fighters from the Royal Africa Corps garrisoned at Goree (they were offered additional compensation and the guarantee of a release on return), in addition to officials remembering his sibling for law Alexander Anderson, who consented to join the excursion) and four vessel manufacturers from Portsmouth who might build a forty-foot pontoon when they arrived at the stream. In every one of the 40 Europeans went with Park. Against rationale and guidance, Mungo Park set off from the Gambia in the stormy season †inside ten days his men were tumbling to loose bowels. Following five weeks one man was dead, seven donkeys lost and the undertakings stuff generally demolished by fire. Parks letters back to London made no notice of his issues. When the undertaking came to Sandsanding on the Niger just eleven of the first 40 Europeans were as yet alive. The gathering rested for two months yet the passings proceeded. By November 19 just five of them stayed alive (even Alexander Anderson was dead). Sending the local guide, Isaaco, back to Laidley with his diaries, Park was resolved to proceed. Park, Lieutenant Martyn (who had gotten a drunkard on local brew) and three fighters set off downstream from Segu in a changed over kayak, initiated the HMS Joliba. Each man had fifteen black powder guns yet little in the method of different supplies. When Isaaco came to Laidley in the Gambia news had just arrived at the shore of Parks passing †experiencing harsh criticism at the Bussa Rapids, after an excursion of more than 1 000 miles on the waterway, Park and his little gathering were suffocated. Isaaco was sent back to find reality, however the main stays to be found was Mungo Parks weapons belt. The incongruity was that having kept away from contact with nearby Muslims by keeping to the focal point of the stream, they were thus confused with Muslim marauders and took shots at.

Chile and copper mining Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chile and copper mining - Research Paper Example The country is presently viewed as one of the quickest developing economies during the 1990s as it has effectively endure snapshots of monetary instability3. It is a country which as of now faces the test of differentiating its copper-subordinate economy into different wellsprings of salary and of executing a progressively equivalent dissemination of wealth4. With respect to its topography, Chile has a strip like shape which has given the nation a various atmosphere. Its northern parts (Atacama) are dry deserts; its middle, shows a Mediterranean climate; and its Southern regions experience blanketed weather5. The greater part of Chile nationals have a blended Spanish and indigenous descent6. In 2010, the nation had an expected populace of about 16.6 million, with the middle age of the residents at 31.7 years, and with a populace development pace of 0.881%7. Its pace of urbanization is additionally evaluated at 1.3% dependent on 2005 to 2010 assessments. The greater part of its residents are Chilean nationals, and its ethnic groupings incorporate white and white Amerindians at 95.4%; Mapuche at 4%; and different indigenous gatherings at 0.6%8. The country’s religions incorporate Roman Catholics at 70%; Evangelicals at 15%; Jehovah’s Witness at 1.1% and different Christians at 4.6%9. Their dialects incorporate Spanish, Mapudun gun, German, and English10. The country’s proficiency rate is at 15 years old. Fundamental monetary realities about the nation uncover that its ostensible GDP is at 169.5 billion US dollars with a GDP for each head of 10,123 US dollars and a yearly development of 4.0%11. The Chilean peso is pegged at a normal of 1US$ to 529 pesos. Their expansion rate is at 0.5% and their joblessness rate is at 7.7%12. Their significant enterprises incorporate copper mining, just as gold, nitrates, molybdenum, iron, and silver mining13. In considering the country’s remote relations, Chile has had chronicled clashes with its neighbors for a long time now.

SIPA 2012 Facebook Group COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA 2012 Facebook Group COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog There are many communication channels available to incoming students and after some deliberation I am passing on yet another.   In the digital world there are lots of opportunities to network and share information, and as a reminder we definitely want admitted applicants to be checking this blog and the admitted student message board.   Also please pay attention to email messages from our office.   We will be communicating very important information through these channels. However, an enterprising admitted applicant contacted us letting us know he created a Facebook Group for newly admitted students and asked if we would help to promote it as a networking tool.   We know that Facebook is a very useful tool and thus we offer encouragement for those interested to join.   Click here for a link to the Columbia SIPA 2012 Facebook Group.

Understanding Police Misconduct Theoretical Frameworks

Charidy Miles Professor Lisa M. Dario CRJ 409 Police Accountability July 12, 2015 Understanding Police Misconduct: Theoretical Frameworks When conceptualizing a theoretical understanding of Police misconduct in its raw form, it is essential to register its historical origins in the process. Such behavior has existed since the early days of policing when substantial acts of harassment, corruption, and brutality were usually targeted towards the working class populations. Despite the new world of â€Å"police accountability† strategies and tactics, police misconduct is still prevalent in those very same communities and unfortunately is very often systematically overlooked. In result, police are not held fully accountable for their actions and the reform of police misconduct appears to be more complex in today’s world. Critical instances such as the 1999 killing of Amadou Diallo, and the 1997 brutal attack of Abner Louima by officers of the New York City Police Department outraged communities in such a way that they have become landmarks of system failure. Recent cases have since emerged the communityâ€℠¢s attention towards police corruption that lingers without regard due to the â€Å"legitimate† perceptions of the public. It is typical that police officers involved in cases of brutality and the excessive use of force are singled out and perceived as â€Å"bad apples† of a barrel full of good apples, but the reality of the matter is that police misconduct goes beyond the individual level.Show MoreRelatedCause and Effect of Corruption1644 Words   |  7 Pagesscholarly research on the subject. Admittedly, there are still wide gaps in the current state of information and knowledge on the matter and much more remains to be done. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted thus far has yielded fresh insights into the problem. We now have a clearer understanding of the underlying causes of corruption, its consequences, and ideas and approaches on possible measures to combat it. At the same time, a better perspective has been obtained onRead M oreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1737 Words   |  7 Pagesof shareholder maximization, the classical view of CSR (Friedman 1962). This therefore led to a substantial decline in business ethics. In modern society the importance of business ethics has soared, there has been a sharp and steady decline in misconduct among business since 2007 (Ethics, 2013). It is starting to improve once again. After huge improvements in internal areas within business such as health and safety, labour laws, discrimination and equality, business ethics has evolved with suchRead MoreA Proactive Approach For Preventing Corruption : Start At The Beginning3037 Words   |  13 PagesPreventing Corruption: Start at the Beginning Almost 40 years ago, William Ker Muir, Jr. proposed a theory that a good police officer is one who develops passion (the ability to reconcile using coercive power to achieve just means) and perspective (the ability to empathize with the rest of humanity) (p.54). Muir concluded his book by suggesting that in order to prevent corruption, police must engage in eloquent speech, develop a tragic perspective on the human condition, and come to terms with the responsibilitiesRead MoreEssay on Feminist Criminology3530 Words   |  15 Pageswhether they are â€Å"good â€Å"or â€Å"bad† women. Menacham Amir 1971 in his book Patterns of Forcible Rape made a point of bringing his readers attention to the fact that 19 per cent of the victims in his sample had a criminal record which included sexual misconduct and 20 per cent had a bad reputation. His research implied that victims were ‘asking for it’ a view which has been vehemently criticised by many feminist as Wright and Hill argue â€Å"Such an approach perpetuates the insidious myth that women inviteRead MoreTherapeutic Jurisprudence And The Uniform Code Of Military Justice7095 Words   |  29 Pagesof â€Å"facts† from conflicting appellate ex parte affidavits involving post-trial issues. This administrative shift thereby avoids the need for limited hearings. In all discipline actions, the military commanding officer is appraised of suspected misconduct within his unit. He stays informed and may properly influence the course of ongoing criminal investigations. He decides whether, who, and on what charges to prosecute. Ultimately, he determines the propriety of all convictions and sentences. HeRead MoreTherapeutic Jurisprudence And The Uniform Code Of Military Justice7095 Words   |  29 Pagesof â€Å"facts† from conflicting appellate ex parte affidavits involving post-trial issues. This administrative shift thereby avoids the need for limited hearings. In all discipline actions, the military commanding officer is appraised of suspected misconduct within his unit. He stays informed and may properly influence the course of ongoing criminal investigations. He decides whether, who, and on what charges to prosecute. Ultimately, he determines the propriety of all convictions and sentences. HeRead MoreWikileaks : A Not For Profit Media Organization3513 Words   |  15 PagesUS was treating Afghan lives as cheap. 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Criminal acts are committed by the elites that are following the core of the neoliberal doctrine which is maximizing profits whileRead MoreEssay on Profession Issues in Counselling Person Centred12506 Words   |  51 Pagesthe basic hypothesis and the therapeutic conditions that define the person-centred approach as follows: The central hypothesis of this approach can be briefly stated. It is that the individual has within him or her self vast resources for self-understanding, for altering her or his selfconcept, attitudes, and self-directed behaviour--and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of f acilitative psychological attitudes can be provided. There are three conditions which constituteRead MoreResearch Report on Impact of Time Management11320 Words   |  46 Pagesimage of the police is measured a number of different ways. Sometimes surveys ask about â€Å"local† police, police in â€Å"your neighborhood† or police in â€Å"your area,† while other surveys ask about the police as a general institution. The terminology used to gauge public support also varies widely, with questions asking about whether respondents â€Å"approve of† or â€Å"trust† the police, have â€Å"confidence in† or â€Å"respect for† the police, or whether they â€Å"support† or have â€Å"favorable† views of the police. What makes

Vital Pieces of Expository Essay Samples

Vital Pieces of Expository Essay Samples If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Expository Essay Samples If you've got the liberty to select your topic, make an effort not to choose one which is too general or that has been written about countless of times. To put it differently, everything would be determined by verifiable fact an expository essay. In school, it's an unavoidable truth that you'll be requested to write something about a topic which sometimes you're so eager to finish. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. The essay has become the most significant part your scholarship application so that you want to guarantee you give the very best impression you can. Students may also explore on several opportunities to impact the community. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. More often than not, they are only exposed to various sports that is included in the physic al education curriculum. Life After Expository Essay Samples Introductions and conclusions may be the most troublesome sections of papers to write. The revisions are completely free! If a paragraph is finished, it contains all the sentences necessary to adequately support the major idea. Paragraph one is the point where the fourth-grader sets down his primary topic sentence. Every paragraph must cover 1 topic in making the circulation of the essay smooth. As with other essays, it is made of an introductory paragraph, which comprises the thesis statement, the major body paragraphs that show the statement, and a conclusion paragraph that summarizes all important points. How to Choose Expository Essay Samples Formal writing demands simplicity and accuracy. Your conclusion can go past the confines of the assignment. One or more of these strategies might help you compose a productive conclusion. With an exam or a standardized test, for example, the examples you use to back up your points will be contingent upon the knowledge already within your head. The Good, the Bad and Expository Essay Samples Let's look at some examples. You could also get in touch wit h your writer to supply some added recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. You ought to commence trying for the correct info. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Drafting and planning together with researching should be done in order to have a simple writing. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the bulk of our clients require is essay writing. Directions for Writing Before you start writing, think of why Florida is a great spot for vacations. Students have a difficult time in writing if they don't have a draft or outline to follow. Expository Essay Samples Secrets The text is fact-based with the role of exposing the truth through a dependable source. Each body paragraph needs to be tightly-worded and full of valid, interesting data. The usage of thoughtful words will su rely impress the reader by means of your creativity, intelligence, and intimate understanding of the research paper topic. The particulars of analysis within the body of the paper often enable you to determine more precisely the way to word your thesis and the manner in which you introduce it in your opening paragraph. Expository text may also be put together with a narrative. For instance, if you start by describing a scenario, you can end with the exact scenario as proof your essay is useful in developing a new comprehension. If you discover that the writer did not provide just what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. All About Expository Essay Samples Rather than putting for example all the moment, you can use as an example, particularly, especially. Prewriting In the prewriting phase, you want to brainstorm about the subject and the most important idea. It is possible to also incorporate substitute measures in the conclusion or beside the principal actions. Your conclusion is your opportunity to have the previous word on the topic. Expository essays offer information and analysis. What's a persuasive essay. Essays, needless to say, are a standard kind of assignment, but even these arrive in many distinct types, of which the expository essay is only one ex ample. How to compose an expository essay. Expository essays supply better comprehension of a specific topic. Do your best in writing the essay and be sure that you aren't going to incorporate any opinions. Essays term papers dissertations and a lot more. Explain your solution in a comprehensive essay.

Gareth Stokes’s work Robots vs Humans Free Essays

AI and the Future of the Workplace talks about the possibilities of replacing human workers with robots in the near future. Robotisation has the capability to affect employment, reallocate human workers and change business operations as it will play an increasing role in the workplace, making unemployment a big concern in the industry. Businesses need to introduce smaller AI components on their system to be able to get used to the technology and be able to adapt to newer AIs easily. We will write a custom essay sample on Gareth Stokes’s work Robots vs Humans? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stokes said that AI is an opportunity to explore new things and it should not be feared. He also said that it will generate more opportunities for employment as workers are needed to coach, assist and enhance the thriving AI and machine learning industries. On the other hand, businesses may experience cultural change after the implantation of robots in the workplace and it requires strong leadership to make AI an opportunity and not a threat. Reskilling of employees is also needed for businesses to be able to keep up with technology’s demands and focus their employees on skills that cannot be done by computers. AI’s effect and role on the business industry depends on how people perceive, welcome and approach its idea. Based on what I’ve read I was thinking that AI is not designed with the idea of replacing human workers. Stokes said that robotisation will play a major role in the workplace and we all know that the workplace is composed of human workers. If robotisation is to be embedded in the industry, there is a high possibility of rise in unemployment. Having robots in the system is an edge for businesses since AI has these capabilities that are beyond the human capacity. With the existence of robots, human workers will be of little to no use for businesses and it can result to unemployment. Stokes also said that AI is not something to automatically fear and I am quite disturbed with this remark because it has this tone of finality and I believe that you cannot simply say that AI should not be feared. AI may be an opportunity for businesses to thrive but for employees, AI means being replaced by technology and eventually, unemployment. How to cite Gareth Stokes’s work Robots vs Humans?, Papers

Thesis Statement Is Mozarts Requiem Mass free essay sample

Thesis statement is Mozart Requiem Mass reveals not only a mastery of musical imagery, but also the composers own views about life and death. Introduction Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Is one of the most talented composers of all time. The Requiem he composed in 1 791 was the last composition he worked on before his death. The Requiem is the most performed and studied pieces of music history and the story of the mysterious commission of Mozart Requiem is a well known. The Requiem Mass reveals not only a mastery of musical imagery, but also the composers own view about life and death. ContentWolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born January 27, 1756 In Salisbury to Leopold and Marl Anna Mozart. He was the seventh and last child to be born and only the second to survive, along with his older sister Manner. At an early age, Mozart had a gift with music. He began to compose at age five and In 1761 made his first public appearance with his father. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Statement Is Mozarts Requiem Mass or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Leopold was proud of his sons many gifts and paraded Mozart around Europe to perform at concert halls and courts. Even though throughout his childhood Mozart was often bed ridden with illness, he would compose and return to touring once his illnesses let up.In fact, Mozart was always composing, no matter where he went. One account from Mozart hairdresser states that Mozart carried a small notebook with him to Jot down ideas and notes as they came and went. To better understand the events of 1791 It Is Important to understand other critical events In Mozart life. On August 4, 1782, at the age of 26, Mozart married Constance Weber at SST. Stephens Cathedral In Vienna. Nine years later, Mozart died in 1791 at the age of 35. Before his death, Constance gave birth to their sixth child Franz Xavier Wolfgang.Franz, however, was only the second child, along with Karl, to revive; four died in infancy. After Mozart death, Constance married George Noises. Constance died in 1842. Unfortunately, Karl and Franz both died before having legitimate children to carry on the Mozart family name. Various sources recall the events in 1791 leading up to Mozart death. The story begins with Count Franz von Wallets, who commissioned a requiem mass for his wife Anna who died at age 20 at Chutzpahs Castle In Austria on February 14, 1791. Wallets often composed his own work, and he and his wife performed concerts for the people of his manor.Wallets was known for using ghost writers. He would commission works from famous composers and pay a good sum for them. He would take the complete work back to Chutzpah, recopy all the parts by hand and house claimed that they were always aware that Wallets was deceiving them, but played along for enjoyment. Annas death would require a large scale, glorious requiem mass. Naturally, Mozart help would be needed; he would be the ghostwriter. In the early summer of 1791 a gray messenger appeared at the Mozart apartment in Vienna with an unsigned letter.The author of the letter stated that a requiem mass was to be composed for a man who would remain anonymous, UT who would like a loved one to be remembered. The letter asked Mozart to respond and state a desired sum in writing; the messenger would respond shortly. After discussing the matter with his wife Constance, he decided to accept the offer. The messenger returned with the amount Mozart requested, a sum of around 30 ducats, and promised more money when the requiem was completed. The commissioner did not request any specific form the mass should take, and this became Mozart decision while composing.He chose the traditional form with the Dies Aria (Latin hymn sung in s Mass for the dead) as the Sequence. The writing of the Requiem was interrupted when Mozart traveled to Prague after the birth of his second son Franz Xavier Wolfgang Mozart. In Prague he performed his latest Opera La Clemency did Toto (written for the coronation of Emperor Leopold II). After returning in late September, Mozart continued writing. He had laid out ideas in a form called participle which are his brief sketches of music (referred to by Constance as little scraps of paper). In late September Mozart famous opera Die Kafuffle ¶et was completed and a success.Its completion gave Mozart the opportunity to work solely n the Requiem. Mozart worked night and day, focusing all of his energy on the Requiem. As the composing continued, Mozart grew more and more emotionally attached to the piece. Soon he became delusional and started to believe that he was writing this death mass for himself. In 1829, Constance recalled her husbands words. [Mozart said] l know I must die, he exclaimed six months before he actually did. Someone has given me aqua tiffany [poison] and has calculated the precise time of my death, for Inch they have ordered a Requiem, it is for myself I am writing this. On January 7, 792 the Sulzberger Intelligentsia first mentioned the requiem and Mozart mental state: Now Mozart had to write, which he did, often with tears in his eyes, always saying l am writing a Requiem for myself. Other accounts based on Constancys statements from Cholesterols biography in 1793 state that the requiem was getting on his over-sensitive nerves On November 20, Mozart was forced to retire to his bed following the early symptoms of his fatal illness. Though he decreased physically, Mozart work ethic did not; there Nas still an incomplete requiem to be finished.Mozart worked on the piece until his friends (singers from his opera), Mozart sang the alto parts of the requiem with his friends and family singing the other voice parts. They sang through to the Lachrymose, where Mozart had stopped composing. Th e last thing [Mozart] did was to imitate the kettledrums in his Requiem. Due to illness, Mozart body had become completely swollen. After the doctor performed a regular bleeding in hopes of lessening the swelling, he provided a cold compress for Mozart. At the time of his death, Mozart was not living in penury.He had had serious financial difficulties from 788 to 1790, but the last year of his life was exceptionally remunerative. He lived Nell, but not extravagantly, and despite some debts, his prospects for increasing Anneal were excellent. Shortly after, Mozart lost consciousness and died at one in the morning December 5, 1791 at the young age of 35. Mozart was buried at SST. Marx Cemetery in Vienna and placed in an unmarked grave. Constance never attended the funeral nor visited the gravesite. Shortly after Mozart death, the people of Vienna began circulating rumors that Analogs was the mysterious person who commissioned the piece.After studying teeters and records from 1791, Musicologists believe that Mozart and Constance were aware who their commissioner was and played along for the money. Mozart was in debt and tried to accept as many offers as he could. In fact, evidence indicates that Michael Bugbear (Mozart dear friend) might have helped Mozart get the Job. Bugbear lived in one of Walleyes buildings and worked in the building where Franz Anton Letting (the gray messenger and another friend of Mozart) worked as administrator and marketing manager of Walleyes factory. Mozart Notes Mozart is the primary composer of his Requiem.Of the finished score, Mozart completed the Introit and Keri as well as the Offertory. The two fugues Mozart developed in the Keri are original and Mozart expressed his intentions to S;smeary to repeat this section at the close of the mass. Mozart also composed a majority of the first five movements of the sequence up to the eighth measure of the Lachrymose. In the Confutation, the majority of the vocal parts are pure Mozart, as is the orchestration at the beginning of the piece. At measure 26 the top notes of each chord in the orchestra are his, and the rest have been added.In the Lachrymose the orchestration in the first measures are his and the top note in the chord from measures 3 through 8 are his. The voice parts are also authentic through to measure eight, where Mozart stopped abruptly and moved into the Offertory. Mozart also composed most of the Domino Jesus and Hosting. After his death, Mozart left notes and sketches with his ideas for other parts of the Requiem. He also left directions for exactly which instruments were to be included, but did not explain the notes each instrument would play, with the exception of the strings which were somewhat developed.Musicologists have studied the differences between Mozart and phrases are Mozart and which are S;gossamers by examining the grammatical mistakes S;smeary constantly makes. Nevertheless, Mozart is the primary composer; therefore a conductor should express the emotion Mozart was feeling Nile composing this piece. This feeling is gathered by examining what notes Mozart actually composed himself. While conducting this piece I will emphasize the vocal parts of the Confutation and the delicateness of the Lachrymose following Mozart directions, and taking into account S;gossamers completion.

Free Essays on White Privilege

Cultural Anthropology White Privilege†¦ I Don’t Think So! Mr. Colin Powell Chief of Staff Black Male Ms. Condoleeza Rice National Security Advisor Black Female Mr. David Satcher Surgeon General Black Male Ms. Antonia Novello ex. Surgeon General Hispanic Female Mr. Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court Justice Black Male - deceased Mr. Clarence Thomas Supreme Court Justice Black Male Ms. Sandra Day O’Connor Supreme Court Justice White Female Ms. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Supreme Court Justice White Female Mr. R.J. Reynolds CEO Top Fortune 500 Co. Black Male- deceased Mr. Andrew Young U.S. Ambassador to U.N. Black Male America, being initially a British colony, will of coarse have a â€Å"white† history. In the days of slavery, the term â€Å"white privilege†, I am sure, had a true basis in everyday life. But can the term â€Å"white privilege† or even â€Å"male privilege† be used today to describe social subconscious thought? Perhaps it is my â€Å"white male denial syndrome† but I don’t think so. In an essay entitled â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, Peggy McIntosh goes on to list many items in her argument of white privilege. The root of her premise is that being a white person elicits subconscious advantages in society. Also, the white segment of society, especially the male portion, subconsciously oppresses all others. In my opinion it is people like this, with lists like hers, that continue the racial and gender divide. They need help. In her essay, McIntosh lists 26 examples of white privilege. I am sure she has more but I will choose a few from her list to examine. I will start with an easy one†¦ 9. I can go into a music shop and count on finding the music of my race represented, into a supermarket and find the staple foods that fit with my cultural traditions, into a hairdresser’s shop and find someone who can cut my hair. In my experience, music shop shelves are buri... Free Essays on White Privilege Free Essays on White Privilege Cultural Anthropology White Privilege†¦ I Don’t Think So! Mr. Colin Powell Chief of Staff Black Male Ms. Condoleeza Rice National Security Advisor Black Female Mr. David Satcher Surgeon General Black Male Ms. Antonia Novello ex. Surgeon General Hispanic Female Mr. Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court Justice Black Male - deceased Mr. Clarence Thomas Supreme Court Justice Black Male Ms. Sandra Day O’Connor Supreme Court Justice White Female Ms. Ruth Bader Ginsburg Supreme Court Justice White Female Mr. R.J. Reynolds CEO Top Fortune 500 Co. Black Male- deceased Mr. Andrew Young U.S. Ambassador to U.N. Black Male America, being initially a British colony, will of coarse have a â€Å"white† history. In the days of slavery, the term â€Å"white privilege†, I am sure, had a true basis in everyday life. But can the term â€Å"white privilege† or even â€Å"male privilege† be used today to describe social subconscious thought? Perhaps it is my â€Å"white male denial syndrome† but I don’t think so. In an essay entitled â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, Peggy McIntosh goes on to list many items in her argument of white privilege. The root of her premise is that being a white person elicits subconscious advantages in society. Also, the white segment of society, especially the male portion, subconsciously oppresses all others. In my opinion it is people like this, with lists like hers, that continue the racial and gender divide. They need help. In her essay, McIntosh lists 26 examples of white privilege. I am sure she has more but I will choose a few from her list to examine. I will start with an easy one†¦ 9. I can go into a music shop and count on finding the music of my race represented, into a supermarket and find the staple foods that fit with my cultural traditions, into a hairdresser’s shop and find someone who can cut my hair. In my experience, music shop shelves are buri...

4 Reasons to Teach in a Private School

4 Reasons to Teach in a Private School Teaching in a private school has many advantages over teaching in a public school. For most of us, it comes down to the reality that all we really want to do is teach. We find the administrative side of the job confining and time-consuming. Minimal bureaucracy has to be the biggest advantage of teaching in a private school, but there are other advantages. Private schools create a climate for serious teaching with the following: thin management structuresmall class sizessmall schoolsideal teaching conditions Thin Management Structure A private school is its own independent entity. Its not part of a large administrative group of schools, like  those in a school district. So you dont have to go up or down through layers of bureaucracy to deal with issues. Private schools are autonomous units of manageable size. The organization chart typically has the following upward path: StaffDepartment HeadHead of SchoolBoard. You will find additional layers in larger schools, but even there its a pretty thin management structure. The advantages are obvious: responsiveness to issues, clear communication channels. You dont need a union to help you deal with issues when you have easy access to administrators. Small Class Sizes This issue goes to the heart of what we teachers are all about. Small class sizes allow us to teach effectively, to give our students the individual attention which they deserve, and to accomplish the goals which have been entrusted to us. Private schools typically have class sizes of from 10-12 students. Parochial schools generally have larger class sizes, but even they are smaller than those in comparable public schools. Contrast this with your public schools which range from 25-30 or more students per class. At that class size, you become a traffic cop, not a teacher. Union mandated class size is not an issue in private schools. Small Schools Most private schools have 300-400 students. The largest independent schools top out at only 1100 or so students. Compare that with public schools with 2,000-4,000 students and you can understand why students in private schools are not just numbers. Teachers can get to know all their students as well as others throughout the school community. The community is what private schools are all about. Ideal Teaching Conditions Teachers want to be creative. They want to teach their subject. They want to light the fires of enthusiasm for learning within their young charges. Because private schools adhere to the spirit, but not to the letter of state-mandated curricula, there is great flexibility in the choice of texts and of teaching methodologies. You dont need a union agreeing to the adoption of this text or that methodology for use in the classroom. Common Goals Private school students are there because their parents want them to have the best possible education. Parents are paying serious money for that service. Consequently, everybody expects the very best results. If you are passionate about your subject, you feel the same way. Only the best will do. Public Vs Private Education: Differences While there are many differences between public and private schools, the primary difference is the approach to discipline. In a private school, the rules of the school are clearly laid out when you sign the contract to attend a private school. By signing the contract you agree to abide by the terms of the contract which include consequences for infraction of the discipline code. In a public school, you have rights - constitutional rights which must be respected. The disciplinary process takes time and frequently is a cumbersome, complicated process. Students quickly learn how to play the system and can tie teachers up in knots for weeks over disciplinary matters.​ Discipline Promotes an Atmosphere of Learning When you are not fighting for control of a class, you can teach. Because parents send their children to private school to learn, the focus is on learning. Of course, there will still be the usual teenage experimenting with authority and the limits. But, as a rule, that kind of testing is fairly harmless. Why? Because everybody knows the rules. The code of conduct spells out serious consequences for disrespecting a teacher or a classmate. The code of conduct is enforced. Bullying is unacceptable behavior. Disruptive behavior is unacceptable. Fighting is unacceptable. Discipline promotes an atmosphere of learning. Discipline is a critical part of the three-way partnership private school education is all about. When you sign the contract with the school, you commit to a three-way partnership. While the school takes care of the academics and provides a host of other services while your child is in its care, you are still required to be involved. The school will not allow you to be a silent partner. It will insist on your involvement. When you have no distractions in the classroom, you can teach. Editors note: Brian Horgan is the Director of the Upper School at Gilmour Academy. I asked him why he taught in an independent as opposed to a public school. Here is his response. Most of the colleagues with whom I work and share the joy of independent school teaching, celebrate the aspects of what the late British historian of ideas, Isaiah Berlin, famously refers to as negative libertythe freedom to act without interference from others. Clearly, this is a valuable aspect of independent school teaching. Most of us relish the opportunity to work free of burdensome dictates of state department of education mandates, strict and often misguided teacher certification and re-certification requirements, pat curricular designs and assessment procedures, and bureaucratic paperwork including the submission of daily lesson plans. In my teaching career I have come to appreciate the benefits of this kind of liberty as well; however, I try to remain attentive to the opportunities, by way of responsibilities, this kind of freedom makes imperative. It is precisely these opportunities that give me cause to celebrate the independent school experience. More specifically, the fr eedom I enjoy as an independent school teacher affords me the opportunity to turn my attention to things that matter most.​ Because I am free from the democratic, though nobly intended, policies of public education, I can work within a smaller community where individuals can meet the individual needs of other individuals. Of course, the demands of the community become more pronounced in this small settingthe virtuous practice of sharing, listening, and compassion are paramount to the success of the independent school. A good public school system will, to be sure, have teachers who are committed to these virtues as wellmy children have been in their classrooms. But it is also true that there are teachers who are not so committed in part, perhaps, because they work in school systems where, by necessity or accident, sociological statistics and objective data collection have become more important than people. Unfortunately, independent schools employ people like this as well but my sense is that this is accidental rather than the inevitable by-product of a large educational system overburdened by bureaucratic demands. The small community of learners to be found in an independent school invites us to listen to the individual needs of our students and respond to those individual needs rather than having to resign ourselves to the limitations that long class rosters and incredibly hefty teaching loads would normally dictate. It invites us to share our insights, strategies, and classrooms with our colleagues rather than wasting time and energy protecting turf and reputation. It invites us to self-direct our professional growth rather than having it governed for us by people whom we have never met. When we enjoy these benefits of independence, however, we must recognize that the source of our joy is an independence hat differs from the negative liberty of no interference. As independent school educators we must be constantly mindful that to be independent of outside demands is to be, at the same time, bound by professional and inter-personal obligations, and that monitoring these obligations has become, to a great extent, the responsibility of the individual rather than the state, or proficiency test results, or the superintendent, or even, in some cases, the department chair. Freedom should never mean that one is free to do whatever one pleases; rather it should mean that one has the opportunity to focus with greater clarity on the proper limits of independence. To be independent does not allow one to say leave me alone and let me do my work; instead it calls one to invite others to share that work in an environment that is grounded in trust. With freedom comes dutya duty to m ove beyond the walls of individual classrooms and attend to the broad requisites of the mission. Unfortunately, I fear this aspect of independence is sometimes overlooked. Fortunately, many independent school teachers are mindful of the full scope of possibilities their independence affords and consequently enjoy the most rewarding benefits of teaching at an independent school. Some people think that you have to wear an academic gown when you teach at a private school. At least thats the impression you get when you watch the Harry Potter movies. Thats just one misconception people have about teaching in a private school. Myths abound concerning teacher salaries, teacher certification, faculty housing, same-sex partners and the impression that private schools are elitist. Lets find out the facts. Salaries Myth: Private school teachers make less than their colleagues in public schools. As with most things, thats not necessarily true. A lot depends on the kind of the school we are talking about. For example, a third-grade teacher in a parochial school will make about 10-15% less than her counterpart in a public school. Why? Parochial school budgets are traditionally the slimmest in the business because their tuitions are among the lowest in the business. Now, put that same third-grade teacher in a Montessori school and the salary gap closes significantly. Why? Montessori schools typically charge what the market will bear. Highly qualified teachers with terminal degrees working at the top prep schools will make very close to what their colleagues in public education make. Ditto for administrators. Elitism Myth: Private school students are spoiled rich kids or neer-do-wells who have been packed off to private school for remediation. Yes, there are day schools in many parts of the country where you will see more luxury cars per square foot in the school parking lot than you can possibly imagine. Yes, it is impressive seeing Joshs dad land on the soccer field in his company helicopter*. The reality, however, is that most schools are remarkably diverse, inclusive communities. Ignore the popular stereotypes which Hollywood loves to perpetuate. Same-Sex Partners Myth: Same-sex partners are not welcome in private schools. That may still be the case in most conservative religious schools. On the other hand, some of the top prep schools including Andover welcome same-sex couples on their faculty and staff. They enjoy all the rights and privileges which heterosexual couples enjoy. Housing Myth: Private schools require their faculty to live on campus Some do and some dont. Boarding schools typically want their junior faculty to be dorm masters. In other words, you are required to live in an apartment in the dorm and be responsible for supervising the students who board. Senior faculty and staff generally live in school-provided housing located on campus. Day schools dont require their faculty to live on campus as a rule. Dress Code Myth: Private school teachers have to wear academic gowns. American and Canadian private school teachers dress up in their full academic regalia for state occasions such as prize day and graduation only at schools which have a tradition of such formality. Personally, I think that an academic procession with faculty wearing their gowns and hoods is inspiring. Some English schools such as Eton have a very formal dress code. Gown and mortarboard are de rigeur in the classroom. (Considering how cold and drafty English classrooms can be, thats probably not a bad idea.) What is the dress code in most schools? Generally, it follows the lead of the student dress code. If a blazer, shirt, and tie are required for young men, male faculty will dress similarly. The same applies to women faculty. They will wear clothes appropriate to the young ladies dress code. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Marketing Research Paper on Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization

Marketing on Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization - Research Paper Example It was during her trips after a corporate life that she took the risk of developing the first Kudler Fine Foods following discovery of an opportunity that she could exploit. This opportunity was sired following a discover that she could not get all her cooking ingredients in one store and this decided to open a gourmet store that would meet the niche needs of the consumers. This therefore illustrates that discovery of opportunities and exploiting them to garner a competitive advantage is one of the marketing strategy and tactics that Kudler Fine Foods employs (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Information technology serves as an effective tool utilized by Kudler Fine Foods Organization both for marketing research and as a marketing strategy. The organization has a web home page where it engages in online interaction with the stakeholders since it gets to acquire information on the customer responses as pertains to their products and also the needs of the consumers. Consequently, the web page enables Kudler Fine Foods to internetwork with its various branches hence reducing the travelling cost incurred in absence of online communication services. Also, following use of online home page, information gathered aids in the strategic decision making of the organization. This therefore enables Kudler Fine Foods to garner a strategic position in the industry as a result of incorporation of IT in the provision of its products and services (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Diversification is another marketing strategy employed by Kudler Fine Foods Virtual organization and marketing research will greatly influence the effectiveness of this strategy. Diversification is illustrated in the provision of products and services that the organization engages in hence making their stalls a one stop shop for their consumers. The organization by carrying out marketing research will be in a position to know the current wines that are preferred by the customers and thus prepare the wine. Consequentl y, in the baking department, marketing research will aid in developing of different cakes and in learning the market trends of cake consumption. Moreover, in the meat and cheese department, marketing research will provide valuable information as to how the organization can improve the provision of its goods and services. Following the recent development of Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization as pertains to expansion capabilities, there is clear indication that market research plays a dire role in not only diversification but also in market entry approaches. Investment in market research will enable Kudler Fine Foods achieve the vision of being the premier grocery and gourmet store (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011). Areas where Kudler Fine Foods’ needs additional market research Kudler Fine Foods needs to do additional market research as pertains to its procurement strategies. Currently, in an attempt to cut cost, Kathy the director is the one responsible for ordering for all the t hree stores on a weekly basis. Though it is cheaper, it reduces the time she interacts with her customers as the procurement and distribution takes the bulk of her time. The organization needs to carryout additional market research as to how it can procure products for the three stalls, to ensure that Kathy accesses the people on the ground and gets to know the preferences of the consumers form the

Daily Assignment 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Daily 6 - Assignment Example 10. Itinerant merchants were stabilizers in the medieval society because they helped provide security and the things they bought helped towns grow. This made the prestige of the itinerant merchants to grow. 12. The crusaders initially viewed Venetians as part of them and this worked to their advantage. Byzantines were viewed as weak and non-military and this led to the loss of many of the Crusaders when they attacked them. The Crusaders triumphed but sustained many losses. 13. The wage labour stratified the feudal society because serfs could demand for better terms and move to places that paid higher wages. The manorial system led to the emergence of taxation that helped fund manorial courts. 14. The invisible hand refers to a natural phenomenon that regulates the way markets compete for scarce resources. The invisible hand eliminates the need for government intervention in business and leaves markets to adopt self-regulating measures. 15. Whereas Catholicism teaches that justification means righteousness, Calvinism teaches that justification means vindication and semblance of righteousness but not actual righteousness. Calvinism supported rational economic activity that led to maximum economic gain. 17. Today’s underdeveloped world needs governance that will stimulate their populations to appreciate the intensification of industrialization. The industrial revolution there is still low compared to the one that took place in

Mastectomy Patient Quality of Life With External Prosthesis

Mastectomy Patient Quality of Life With External Prosthesis Zohra Jetha Introduction This Literature review is regarding the explore quality of life and experiences with external prosthesis among mastectomy patient. The aim of this literature review is to identify the experiences and satisfaction by using external breast prosthesis after mastectomy (breast removal surgery). This literature provide the recent statistic of breast cancer, effects on women after mastectomy, types of prosthesis , satisfaction with prosthesis, and role of prosthesis nurse. Search strategy comprehensive computerized search done for literature review .literature was obtained through numerous electronic database such as, CINHAL, PUB Med, Blackwell synergy, Science direct, British medical journal and other search engines for example Google scholar. Moreover the topic was searched from 1997 to 2013 articles, reports. Different key words used related to the topic such as breast cancer, satisfaction and breast cancer, external prosthesis and mastectomy , mastectomy and impacts, statistic of breast cancer, experience and mastectomy, quality of life and mastectomy etc. the total 20 articles were found on over all content, only five article found direct on satisfaction level with external prosthesis after mastectomy, and these all studies were done in Australia, Canada, and Ireland, and Taiwan; however, I couldn’t found any study in Pakistan. Breast cancer prevalence The Worldwide cancer cases are increasing day by day, according to World Health organization (WHO) fact sheet estimate that in 2012, 14.1 million new cancers were identified and; however, 8.2 million deaths occurred due to cancer. Globally the most prevalent cancer is lung cancer which is 13.0%, and second number breast cancer 11.9%. This is a most common diagnosed cancer in women globally; one in every four women dies because of this cancer. In 2012 1.7 million patients were diagnosed with breast cancer, in comparison 2008 estimates breast cancer incidence increased 20%; however, mortality rate increased by 14%, total 522000 deaths occurred in 2012. (WHO, 2012; 2013). Breast cancer is very high in Asia; it is expected that every one out of the nine women is facing the problem of cancer. The Karachi cancer register reported 34.6% breast cancer cases are present in the city. It is count the most common cancer in this area. (Bhurgri1 et al, 2000; Sobani et al , 2012). To compare previo us data recent Karachi Cancer registry indicates that Annual rate of breast cancer is 69.1 per 100,000. In Lahore, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital reported that over a period of 8 years, there were 3,338 cases of breast cancer were encountered (Banning, Hafeez, Faisal, Hassan, Zafar, 2009). Furthermore advancement in breast cancer treatment, early detection of disease, increased breast cancer survival rate than earlier in high risk countries. (Gallaghe et al, 2006). However this pattern is different in developing countries as people still are unaware about early mammography and early detection. (Sobani et al, 2012). Breast cancer Treatment As soon the diagnosis conformed, the decision for treatment of breast cancer is decided by the physician to see the stage of disease, characteristic of the tumor, age related risk, and benefit, treatment protocol and also considers the choice of the patient. (Breast cancer, facts and figures, 2011-2012) â€Å"Most women with breast cancer will have some type of surgery. Surgery is often combined with other treatments such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and/or targeted therapy† (Breast cancer, facts and figures, 2011-2012). Women with early stage diagnosis have three efficient choices, breast- conserving surgery, Mastectomy, or mastectomy with reconstruction. Because the survival remains same, however choice of procedure put impact on quality of life. (Nissen et al 2001). Mostly breast cancer patients are treated with mastectomy (removal of breast) and wide local excision (removal of lump and surrounding tissue). Quality life of survivor However, The diagnosis and treatment of this disease causes physical symptoms (pain), and emotional (sleep disturbance), psychosocial (depression), spiritual. (Roberts, Livingston, White, Gibbs, 2003; Dodd, Maria. Cho, Bruce, Miaskowsk, 2010). It is also known that mostly new diagnosed cases Women also reported high anxiety level. (Andersen, Brown, Morea, Stein, Baker, 2008). â€Å"The loss of one or both breast can lead to an impaired feminine self image and sexual dysfunction†. (Roberts, Livingston, White, Gibbs, 2003). Mastectomy cause changes in the shape or look of the breast; however, this Changes put major impact on women’s thinking of self body image and sexuality (Hassy-Dow, 2006, as cited by Fitch et al, 2012). â€Å"In particular after surgery women reported grief related to the loss of the breast , a decreased sense of femininity ,worry about scar and breast symmetry† ( Fitch ,2012). Using prosthesis after mastectomy can help the women in coping .Nev ertheless an Oncology nurse plays an important role to provide education to women about cancer recovery, and adjustment with treatment. ( Wilmoth Ross,1997 as cited by Fitch et al ,2012 ).Even though now day many women are choosing for immediate reconstruction after mastectomy, but major quantity of women will use external prosthesis after surgery. (Roberts et al, 2003).Furthermore Women who undergone breast conservation or breast reconstruction then women who have mastectomy alone have better body image but, greater mood disturbance discomfort. . (Nissen el al, 2001).According to Chang el al, 2007) breast cancer women undergone mastectomy or breast reconstructive surgery, did not report any of quality of life any difference. However body image was concern, some women have selected less expansive procedures. Furthermore Women were more satisfied if they have chosen of their treatment themselves. However â€Å"Physicians should describe the options to women, along with the average satisfaction rates for women choosing those options, and help women to make the best personal decisions† (Hart, Meyerowitz, Appolne, Mosconi, Liberati, 1997).The essential element of Post mastectomy recover is proper rehabilitation such as using best fitted prosthesis. (Gallagher, Buckmaster , O’carroll , Kiernan Geraghty, 2010). Prosthesis â€Å"Breast prosthesis is an artificial breast form that fits into a bra in order to replace the natural breast. It is most often used after surgery for breast cancer, either after a mastectomy or a wide local excision†(Action research 2004). After mastectomy or lumpectomy 90% women choose to wear prosthesis permanently or temporarily till reconstruction surgery is being done. Types of prosthesis There are two type of prosthesis are available, conventional external prosthesis these prosthesis is worn inside the brassier to provide natural look. Temporary light –weight prosthesis filled with cotton wool are used after surgery till the scar fully recover, after six weeks silicone made prosthesis are fitted in brassier it has the same weight as normal breast. Partial prosthesis which has hollow it give shape to prosthesis used after wide local excision. The second type is adhesive prosthesis is fixed with skin with the help of strip; this prosthesis could worn for whole week and during night time. There some disadvantages with conventional prosthesis, there is risk to dislocate form brassier during sports or other activity. Most of the women remain comfortable to with adhesive prosthesis; because less chance to dislocate form its place andno need to wear brassier all the time.( Thijs-Boer, Thijs, van de Wiel, 2001; Roberts, Livingston et al, 2003; Gallagher, O’Carr oll el al, 2006). Furthermore Some Studies also suggested that women who use prosthesis for more than five years after post mastectomy as compare those who wear it less are more satisfied than longer time of period (Fitc et al , 2012 ). Dissatisfaction with prosthesis Women showed dissatisfaction is associated to attribute of the fitting experience such as fitting time, lack f privacy, fitting by man, incorrect fitting and attitude of the fitter., this dissatisfaction also has been associated with negative impact of femininity and body image, restricted choices of clothing and difficulty dressing, discomfort from sweating caused, its weight and most important the cost.(Lee,(1991;Roberts, Livingston, White, Gibbs , 2003).Other dissatisfaction reasons could be the prosthesis cost, high cost may the major concern for women. ( Livingston., Roberts, White, Gibbs, Bonnici , Hill. 2000). Breast care nurse play a major role to provide physical care, psychological support, and provision of accurate informationregarding prosthesis; beside this role of breast fitter is very significant to be responsible for supplying an fitting prosthesis It is also found that prosthesis fitter have very important role on women’s acceptance and satisfaction with prost hesis.(Roberts, Livingston, White, Gibbs , 2003). Research gap analysis Literature review led to explore quality of life and experiences with external prosthesis among Mastectomy patient. This issue is highly significant and need to research in Pakistani context in order to observe the experience of women after mastectomy, according to literature the survival rate is increasing is as the time passes, moreover women faces the physical, psychological, social, spiritual and sexuality issues after mastectomy. However, Recovery and rehabilitation is becoming important for breast survivor. There are limited studies are done in this field in different countries; however I could not find any study in Pakistan. I have found studies on cancer statistic of breast cancer in Karachi, and attitude towards breast cancer, but I could not find any study for breast Cancer survivor experiences. I also have not any found any policy for it. This literature review will helped me to explore quality of life and experience of women after mastectomy in our culture. It will also h elp to develop policy to provision of prosthesis for Pakistani women. Pakistan is a developing country, poverty and gender inequality is also very common. Women’s physical needs are remain neglected and least priority is given to their psychological and sexual health. Reconstructive surgeries are very expensive and it also require post care. It is very difficult for common people to afforded this expansive where they still trying to fulfill their basic needs. Furthermore proper training of health care provider is also significant. If health care provide aware about it; so they can disseminate this information to patients and families. It very important for women’s health; because if women will be healthywill be able to provide better attention towards her family. Conclusion To conclude that, above literature review is highlights the worldwide cancer, breast cancer statistic, and limited available data of Pakistan. It is also discussed the impact on women’s physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and sexual health after mastectomy, and different surgical modalities and also emphasis on women’s rehabilitation References, Action Breast Cancer. (2004). Breast Prostheses. Retrieved from http://www.irishcancersociety.ie/action/prosthesis.php Andersen, M. R., Brown, D, J., Morea, J., Stein, K., Baker,F. (2008). Frequent Search for Sense by Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors Associated with Reduced HRQOL. Women health, 47(4), 19-37. doi: 10.1080/0363024080209973 Banning, M., Hafeez, H., Faisal. S., Hassan. M., Zafar. A. (2009). The Impact of Culture and Sociological and Psychological Issues on Muslim Patients With Breast Cancer in Pakistan ,Cancer Nursing, 32 (4),317-324 Bhurgri1.Y., Bhurgri1.A., Hassan, S. H., Zaidi, S.H. M., Rahim. A , Sankaranarayanan.R., Parkins. D (2000). Cancer incidence in Karachi, Pakistan: first results from karachi cancer registry. Int. J. Cancer: 85, 325–329. Breast cancer, facts and figures. (2013-2014). American cancer society. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-040951.pdf Chang, J.T., Chen. C., Lin.Y., Chen.Y., Lin. C., Cheng,A., (2007). Health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction after treatment for breast cancer in northern Taiwan. Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 69, 49–53.doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.02.019 Dodd, M,J., Cho, M, H., Cooper, B,A., Miaskowsk, C. (2010).The effect of symptom clusters on functional status and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 14(2): 101–110. doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2009.09.005 External breast prostheses in post-mastectomy care: women’s qualitative accounts European Journal of Cancer Care 19, 61–71. Fitch,M,I,. MacAndrew, A., Harris,A., Anderson,J., Kubon,T., McClennen, J . (2012) , Perspective of women about external breast prosthesis, Conj. rcaio summer/Ete. doi:10.5737/1181919223162167 Gallagher, P., Buckmaste,r A., o’carroll, s., Kiernan g. Geraghty, J. (2010) Gallagher.P, O’Carroll. S, Buckmaster. A, Mathers, Kiernan.G, Geraghty.J. (2006) An investigation into the provision, fitting and supply of external breast prostheses: A national study. Action Breast cancer: a project Irish Society. Hart.S., Meyerowitz.B.E., Appolne. G., Mosconi. P., Liberati. A. (1997). Quality of life among mastectomy patients using external breast prostheses.Pub Med, 83(2): 581-6. Lee.J.,(1991).Breast prosthesis. British Medical Journal, 302, 43-44 Nissen, M.J., Swenson,K. K., Ritz, L.J., Brad Farrell, J., Sladek, M. L., Lally, R. M .(2001). Quality of Life after Breast Carcinoma Surgery. A Comparison of Three Surgical Procedures. American Cancer Society, 91, 1238-1245. Livingston.P., Roberts.S., White.V., Gibbs A., Bonnici .D, Hill.D. (2000). Do women have equitable access to quality breast prosthesis services?.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,24, 452-453. Retrieved from http://www.iarc.fr/en/media- centre/pr/2013/pdfs/pr223_E.pdf Roberts. S., Livingston.S., White. V., Gibbs. A. (2003). External breast prosthesis use: Experience and view of women with breast cancer, breast care, and prosthesis fitter. Cancer Nursing, 26(3),179-186 Sobani,Z., Saeed,Z., Baloch, H., Majeed, A., Chaudry,S., Sheikh, A., Umar, J. Waseem,H., Mirza, M., Qadir,I., Khan, S,M., Kadir,K,. (2012). Knowledge attitude and practices among urban women of Karachi, Pakistan, regarding breast cancer. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 62, 1259- 1264. Thijs-Boer, F.M., Thijs, J.T., van de Wiel, H. B. M. (2001).Conventional or Adhesive External Breast Prosthesis? a prospective study of the patients’ preference after mastectomy. Cancer Nursing, 24 (3), 227-230 The Impact of Culture and Sociologicaland Psychological Issues on MuslimPatients With Breast Cancer in Pakistan ,Cancer Nursing, 32 (4),317.324 World Health Organization. (2012). International agency for research cancer.[Fact sheet] Retrieved from http://publications.cancerresearchuk.org/downloads/product/CS_FS_WORLD_A4.pdf World Health Organization. (2013, December). International agency for research cancer. doi: GLOBOCAN 2012. Retrieved from http://www.iarc.fr/en/media- centre/pr/2013/pdfs/pr223_E.pdf

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Section 8 SEKSYON 8. Hindi dapat hadlangan ang karapatan ng mga taong-bayan kabilang ang mga naglilingkod sa publiko at pribadong sektor na magtatag ng mga asosasyon, mga unyon, o mga kapisanan sa mga layuning hindi lalabag sa batas. â€Å"The right of the people, including those employed in public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. † Freedom to form associations In large part, this section reflects the country’s bad experience during the Martial Law years, when the right to assemble and form associations was unduly abridged.Obviously, however, it is equally clear that the government can exercise its police power and abridge this right if the association in question threatens the legal order. Section 10 Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. SEKSYON 10. Hindi dapat magpatibay ng batas na sisira sa pananagutan ng mga kontrata. Discusses the â€Å"sanct ity† of contracts and obligations Laws affecting contracts cannot be applied retroactively Aside: all contracts illegal in nature are non-bindingSection 4 â€Å"No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. † 1. ) Freedom of speech is not absolute, neither is a free press (more on that on the next slide) 2. ) Freedom of assembly refers mainly to peaceful demonstrations related to public affairs – Contrast: in Singapore, for large assemblies one must secure a public entertainment license 3. Right to petition i. e. to take up one’s grievances with government without fear of persecution Freedom of Speech – means an individual is free to speak or utter whatever he wants without prior restraint. Right to a Free Press – means an individual is free to write, publish, and circulate whatever he pleases witho ut restraint. Speech and expression refer to any form of oral utterances, while press covers every sort of publication such as newspapers, magazines, books, leaflets, and the like.Radio and television are also included. Freedom of speech and expression and freedom of the press are collectively called Freedom of Expression. Freedom of Assembly – refers mainly to peaceful demonstrations related to public affairs. The Right of Petition – to take up one’s grievances with government without fear of persecution. Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. SEKSYON 11.Hindi dapat ipagkait sa sino mang tao ang malayang pagdulog sa mga hukuman at sa mga kalupunang mala-panghukuman at sa sat na tulong pambatas nang dahil sa karalitaan. states that paupers or person who are poor shall be given free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies as well as free adequate lega l assistance (or free counsel to defend him in court) Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. SEKSYON 20. Hindi dapat ibilanggo ang isang tao nang dahil sa pagkakautang o hindi pagbabayad ng sedula.

How Memory Is Important For Our Lives - 1236 Words

We can start by definition Memory. Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information in the human brain. It can be thought of in general terms, as the use of past experience to affect or influence current behavior (Human). Our memory helps us remember past experiences, previous learned facts, habits and skills. Etymologically it comes from the latin memoria, meaning remembering. Memory is comparable to but distinct from learning which is the process by which we acquire knowledge of the world (Human). For example, I learned new concepts for this psychology class by studying and honestly watching many youtube videos, but during a test I use my memory to retrieve the concepts I learned. Although memory depends on learning because it lets us store and retrieve information that we have learned. Without memory, we could not learn anything. Memory is crucial to our lives. Without our memories, we could not function in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what need to do today or what we plan for the future. There are several memory stages. The first phase of the memory is encoding, when we receive new information of any kind, we start processi ng it in visual, acoustic or semantic form. This means we retrieve or keep any information what we see as a picture, a sound or relating to meaning in language or logic. An example of this was the memory test we did for this chapter. I sawShow MoreRelatedThe End Of Remembering, And Paulo Freire844 Words   |  4 Pagesto have a great memory or do you consider yourself to have a bad memory? Can you remember more than four phone numbers and more than three immediate family members birthdays without using any technology? If you cannot answer those simple questions than maybe you should reconsider on working on your memorization side of your brain. Joshua Foer, the author of The End of Remembering, and Paulo Freire, author of The â€Å"Banking† Concept of Education, both write about how important memory is in the worldRead MoreMemory Isa Constructive and Dynmaic System Rather Thana Passive Mechanism for Recording External Information. Evaluate This Claim, Making Reference to Res earch Findings1669 Words   |  7 PagesMemory is a constructive and dynamic system rather than a passive mechanism for recording external information. Evaluate this claim, making reference to research findings. In order to evaluate this claim it is necessary to look at some of the research that has been carried out on memory. Most of the relevant research findings support the theory that memory is indeed a constructive and dynamic system but how much of what we store in our memory is down to active and conscious energy and how muchRead MoreThe People Within Ethnographic Studies981 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ There is an interest of peoples sensory experience. 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Everything we see, we do, we think, will goes to memory and transform to implicit or explicit memory. WhichRead MoreMemory and Alzheimers: 7 Stages of Alzheimers Symptoms Essay example1177 Words   |  5 Pages Memory is the retention of information over time and it changes through our lifespan, from infancy through adulthood (Santrock 218). There are two types of memory, explicit and implicit. Explicit memory is memory without conscious recollection-memory of skills and routine. Procedures that are preformed automatically (Santrock 219). Explicit memory helps with things like waking up, getting out of bed and putting on your slippers so your feet don’t feel the cold of the floor. Walking out of yourRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Inside Out 860 Words   |  4 Pages explains how core memories define a person, and helps us understand how all emotions are important for mental health. In two reviews I found, one by Janina Scarlet, and one by Dacher Keltner and Paul Ekman, who are psychologist themselves, describe in detail how this movie relates to psychology. The film introduces an 11-year-old girl named Riley and the five emotions that live inside her head. The five emotions are Joy, Sadness, Anger, Disgust, and Fear. These five emotions live in ‘head’ quartersRead MoreWhy Sleep Is Important For Memory1403 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Sleep is Important for Memory Sleep is a natural state of unconsciousness and is one of the most important human needs. Sleep is also an active process which affects all parts of the body and cannot be replaced by anything else. There are some conditions which have to be fulfilled to differentiate sleep from unconsciousness – for example sleep occurs periodically and can be interrupted at any time. People also sleep one third of their lives and we can be awakened up by stimulation from sleepRead MoreThe Mechanics of Consciousness1571 Words   |  6 PagesConsciousness it is a state of awareness on both the external and internal actions and reaction toward different stimulus. Consciousness has greater impacts on our daily life and could influence survival of different organisms that lives on planet earth. The benefits is that it offers protection as it control the self .Consciousness regulate what we think and the reaction that we respond to the different experiences that we undergo on daily basis. Also, it allows us to either allow a thought or respondRead MoreCognitive Psychology And Human Behavior930 Words   |  4 Pagesnew ways to understand and define the human brain. Our memory is quite important in how we function on a day-to-day basis. Our memories help us to remember important functions such as combing our hair, brushing our teeth or getting dressed in the morning. Memories also help us to learn more information. Cognitive psychology refers to the study of human mental processes and their role of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Cognitive psychology studies how people perceive, learn, remember, and think. CognitionRead MoreThe Limitations Of Introspection And Behaviorism1351 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviorism, and how did these limitations lead to the â€Å"cognitive revolution†? â€Å"This is because how people act is shaped by how people they perceive the situation, how they understand the stimuli, and so on,† (Cognition, pg. 13). This quote explains that studying the behaviors of the brain is somewhat of a difficult topic to study, since all individuals perceive information in their own way. When looking to describe the limitations of introspection and behaviorism it is important that you first understand

The Effects Of Media On The Media - 1564 Words

Abstract Cheerios is a household name that has kept General Mills restocking the shelves for years. Its advertised potential health benefits have made it even more popular over time. Yet that household name is not immune to the backlash from risky advertisement. In a day and age when it seems like anything goes, a simple commercial sparked a nationwide controversy. While the issue at hand may be about race, the following analysis will show that in any piece of media we could pick all day long at the potentially politically incorrect content within. While none of these other issues may have been noticed or addressed, the company was faced with the dilemma of continuing to air the content. One side always has to prevail, and in the case of this ad campaign it is on the side of equality, and they are not losing any sleep or loyal customers over the decision. It is an awful shame to think that as far as we have come as a nation that racism is still so prevalent in our culture. However that being said, this is also part of the beauty of our culture, and that is we all have the right to our own opinion, as well as the right to express it freely. As shown in the public backlash against the negative feedback, most American’s view and embrace biracial couples from any cultural background as an obvious outcome of the melting pot that makes up America (Funny new Cheerios commercial with interracial family, 2013). America is not just black and white, but Black, White,Show MoreRelatedMedia Effects On The Media Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesby the media whether we think we are or not. Theorists believe that too much media exposure can lead to knowledge, attitudes or behavioural changes within a society, this is called ‘media effects’ (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). These media effects consists of several Paradigms , a Paradigm is described as â€Å"a typical pattern or model† (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). The Paradigms this essay will consist of are called the ‘New Effects Paradigm’ and the ‘Powerful Effects Paradigm’. The New Effects ParadigmRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On The Media1466 Words   |  6 PagesIn every woman’s life, the media holds a strong influence on how she views herself. Whether it be a celebrity’s secret anti-aging cream, at-home workout plan, or new clothing line, women look towards the media to impact their decisions on their appearance. Although positive effects can come from letting advertisements guide one’s judgement, sometimes false advertisements can have a negative impact on how a woman perceives herself. People in charge of commercials, magazines, and other ads distortRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On The Media1402 Words   |  6 Pagesday, when the media or movies showed a hint or a dash of blood , the reaction of the average person was shock and disgust at the blood and gore shown. These scenes and clips shown have become more and more extreme over the years to the level of being hazardous to society. Even in the videogame industry, certain scenes that may have caused outrage and commotion fifteen years ago are now seen as childish and may even be considered as humorous. To put it candidly, most of the mass media has been usedRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreEffects Of Mass Media On The Media781 Words   |  4 Pages Effects of Mass Media Pauline Rewis HUM/186 October 19, 2015 Allyson Wells Effects of Mass Media In this day and age, most anyone can find out just about anything, on any subject, at any time with just a few clicks of a button. The act of gathering information used to be a much more tedious and physical endeavor. However, these days it can be done with ease thanks to the enormous developments in mass media distribution over the last century. The major mode of information distributionRead MoreMedia And Its Effects On The Media Essay2006 Words   |  9 Pagesvital to better decision making by voters, consumers, and investors. Much of that information is provided by the media, such as newspapers, television, and radio, which collect information and make it available to the public. As Americans, we trust what reporters write in the newspaper, and say on television and radio stations. Although we expect them to report the truth, current media outlets distort thier stories and give certain news reports disproportionate attention. The most important storiesRead MoreThe News Me dia And The Effects Of The News Media726 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of News Media Michael Green HUM/186 08/07/2017 Allyson Wells Effects of News Media The effects or the news media in today’s culture is tremendous. We use the news media not only to stay informed, but also as a way among many Americans to form an opinion about certain topics in today’s world. This information is provided to us through the use of sources such as television news, radio and more and more the internet. These forms of information find themselves in a constant and perpetualRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On The Media Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe media has become one of the main sources where people obtain their information from. This information can be taken in knowingly, or through subliminal messages. The media like magazines, videos, commercials, television shows, and movies. Since, media has major influence over the public; violence being portrayed in the media is causing problems. Violence against women in the media has been happening for decades. The violence has been taking shape in many forms, as in emotional and phy sical violenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On The Media960 Words   |  4 Pagespersonality trait. Media use. A self-assessment survey, the Media Multitasking Index (Ophir et al., 2009) will be used to measure overall media consumption and media multitasking. However, it will be slightly modified to assess electronic media use only. The original questionnaire included print media, which is not hypothesized to inhibit emotional regulation. Additionally, the original measures did not contain the use of social networking sites, which will be replacing â€Å"print media.† These changesRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Media Violence In The Media754 Words   |  4 Pagesthe media, I noticed that many violent images in the media such as movies, videogames, and music have inspired people to commit large amounts of violent acts, such as committing assaults and murders. It is proven that children can he affected by the violence in media, when they are at a small age. When adults, some can be more aggressive than others, and some may commit more crimes than others. Over 1,000 case studies have proven that media violence can have negative effects on children